The frequency band is a designated portion or range of activity occurring in the frequency domain. Characteristic frequency bands were found to characterize different states of brain functioning (e.g., arousal, vigilance, drowsiness, fatigue, sleep stages, etc.). The waveform patterns are traditionally divided into bands according to an ascending order: delta (1-4 Hz, theta (4-7 Hz), alpha (8-12 Hz), beta (13-30 Hz), and gamma (> 30 Hz). Further subdivisions and/or different bandwidth specifications are increasingly common.
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